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Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity, typically involving several normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF).What is Normalization?
Normalization is a database design technique that involves structuring a database in a way that reduces data redundancy and eliminates undesirable characteristics like insertion, update, and deletion anomalies. The process typically involves dividing larger tables into smaller, well-organized ones and establishing relationships between them.Example of Normalization
Let's consider a simple example of a database for a restaurant management system. Initially, we might have a table that looks like this:
OrderIDCustomerNameItemsOrderedTotalAmount1John DoeBurger, Fries10.002Jane SmithPizza, Salad15.003John DoeSoda, Burger8.00Step 1: First Normal Form (1NF)
To achieve 1NF, we need to ensure that all entries in a column are atomic (i.e., indivisible). In our example, the "ItemsOrdered" column contains multiple values. We can split this into separate rows:
OrderIDCustomerNameItemOrderedTotalAmount1John DoeBurger10.001John DoeFries10.002Jane SmithPizza15.002Jane SmithSalad15.003John DoeSoda8.003John DoeBurger8.00Step 2: Second Normal Form (2NF)
To achieve 2NF, we need to remove partial dependencies. In this case, "TotalAmount" is dependent on both "OrderID" and "ItemOrdered." We can create a separate table for orders:
Orders Table:
| OrderID | CustomerName | TotalAmount |
|---------|--------------|-------------|
| 1 | John Doe | 10.00 |
| 2 | Jane Smith | 15.00 |
| 3 | John Doe | 8.00 |
OrderItems Table:
| OrderID | ItemOrdered |
|---------|-------------|
| 1 | Burger |
| 1 | Fries |
| 2 | Pizza |
| 2 | Salad |
| 3 | Soda |
| 3 | Burger |Step 3: Third Normal Form (3NF)
To achieve 3NF, we need to remove transitive dependencies. If we had additional information about customers, such as their addresses, we would create a separate table for customers:
Customers Table:
| CustomerID | CustomerName | Address |
|-------------|--------------|------------------|
| 1 | John Doe | 123 Main St |
| 2 | Jane Smith | 456 Elm St |
Orders Table (updated):
| OrderID | CustomerID | TotalAmount |
|---------|------------|-------------|
| 1 | 1 | 10.00 |
| 2 | 2 | 15.00 |
| 3 | 1 | 8.00 |Conclusion
View allFreeCodecampDatabase Normalization – Normal Forms 1nf 2nf 3nf Table ExamplesIn simple words, database normalization entails organizing a database into several tables in order to reduce redundancy. You can design the database to follow any of the types of n…https://www.freecodecamp.org › newsGuru99DBMS Normalization: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF Database Example - Guru99Normalization is the process of structuring a database to reduce redundancy and improve consistency. In simple terms, it breaks large messy tables into smaller, well-organized ones…https://www.guru99.com › database-normalization.htmlStudytonightNormalization in DBMS - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF and 5NF ...Normalization in DBMS is a technique using which you can organize the data in the database tables so that: and the tables have a proper relationship between them. DBMS Normalizatio…https://www.studytonight.com › dbms › database-normalization.php Normalization in DBMS: A Complete Guide with SQL …
Jul 14, 2025 · Here's a real example: An e-commerce site normalized product categories into six levels of hierarchy. Simple queries like "show all electronics" became seven-table joins that took seconds …
Normalization in DBMS: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF [Examples]
Jan 30, 2025 · To understand (DBMS)normalization with example tables, let's assume that we are storing the details of courses and instructors in a university. Here is what a sample database could …
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Database Normalization – Normal Forms 1nf 2nf 3nf Table ...
Dec 21, 2022 · In simple words, database normalization entails organizing a database into several tables in order to reduce redundancy. You can design the database to follow any of the types of …
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Jul 26, 2025 · Database normalization is a step by step approach to structuring data in a way that reduces redundancy and preserves data integrity. The process is organized into a series of normal …
1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF and 5NF - Studytonight
DBMS Normalization is a systematic approach to decompose (break down) tables to eliminate data redundancy (repetition) and undesirable characteristics like Insertion anomaly in DBMS, Update …
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Sep 22, 2025 · Database Normalization is a database design technique that reduces data redundancy and eliminates undesirable characteristics like Insertion, Update and Deletion Anomalies. …
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Jan 30, 2025 · Data normalization is the process of structuring a database by eliminating redundancy, organizing data efficiently, and ensuring data integrity. It standardizes data across various fields, from …
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In DBMS, there are several levels of normalization, commonly referred to as normal forms. Each form addresses specific types of anomalies and redundancies. Here, we’ll touch on 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, …
Normalization in DBMS: 1NF 2NF 3NF with Example for 2025
Aug 14, 2025 · Normalization in DBMS is a technique to organize data in a way that removes redundancy and improves efficiency. Covers 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF with real-world examples and tables. Explains …
Database Normalization Demystified (With Examples) | AI2sql
Feb 20, 2025 · Database normalization is the approach that provides some of the puzzle pieces. It’s often taught with formal rules (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, etc.) that can seem abstract. In this guide, we’ll …
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