There is substantial interest in the current literature – spanning finance, economics, engineering and medical imaging – on the relationship structure between several nodes in a complex system. In ...

Carpathian Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 39, No. 1 (2023), pp. 213-230 (18 pages) The normalized distance Laplacian matrix of a connected graph G, denoted by D𝓛(G), is defined by D𝓛(G) = ...