Ubuntu is a free computer system, like Windows or macOS, but it’s built by a community. It’s great for programmers because it’s very flexible and has lots of tools already built-in that help you code.

Although recognized as a scientific breakthrough at Fermilab in 1993 and in several international, public scientific reviews (see Sections 3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6.3, and 10), these inventions have never been ...