Background Women with pre-eclampsia are at increased risk of later-life cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite suggestions ...

Background Non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy (NDLVC), characterised by non-ischaemic scar/fatty replacement or isolated systolic dysfunction without dilatation, lacks validated risk ...

Cardiovascular complications are increasingly recognised as a major driver of morbidity and early mortality in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), yet they remain underdiagnosed and ...

### Learning objectives Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common finding, occurring in up to 25% of people.1 ,2 An association between PFO and stroke has consistently been seen in up to 50% of patients ...

Objectives The use of cerebral embolic protection (CEP) during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been studied in several randomised trials. We aimed to perform a systematic review and ...

Objective Pulmonary congestion is the main cause of hospital admission in patients with heart failure (HF). Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a useful tool to identify subclinical pulmonary congestion. We ...

#### Learning objectives This paper covers part of the ESC Core Curriculum for the General Cardiologist (2013)41 : 2.17 Heart Failure Objectives: Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with typical ...

Background To account for differences in body size in patients with aortic stenosis, aortic valve area (AVA) is divided by body surface area (BSA) to calculate indexed AVA (AVAindex). Cut-off values ...

Objective: To assess health related quality of life of patients with congestive heart failure; to compare their quality of life with the previously characterised general population and in those with ...

Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic condition characterised by the development of an atherosclerotic plaque in the inner layer of the coronary artery, mainly associated with cholesterol accumulation ...

Objective To assess low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) response in patients after initiation of statins, and future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods Prospective cohort study of ...

Introduction Cardiovascular MRI (CMR) is the gold standard for calculation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Echocardiography (echo) has been shown to consistently underestimate LVEF when ...