Basically any "Arduino compatible" that runs an 8-bit AVR with an 8-16MHz clock will work. Additionally, the Arduino Due and Teensy boards are compatible with the Neopixel lin.

Realizing this, [Josh] wrote a simple demo program to drive over 1000 NeoPixels – an 11 meter long strip – using 1K of RAM on an Arduino.

An Arduino Pro Mini drives an LSM303DLHC compass/accelerometer breakout board and a 12-LED NeoPixel ring. The heading is indicated with a red ‘Pixel between two yellow ones.