Input → FUNCTION → Output If we think of a simple function such as multiply by 3, we can determine a set of output values. Instead of writing Function = multiply by 3 we can use algebra.

Such input-output functions are calculated by a variety of methods with few common features. In fact, this typical biological heterogeneity conceals a remarkable underlying mathematical unity, which ...

Functions are fundamental in mathematics, describing relationships between inputs and outputs. For instance, linear functions are used to describe proportional relationships such as calculating cost ...

This paper proposes a data-driven identification of bank outputs and inputs using the directional technology distance function. While previous applications of this tool used symmetric expansion or ...

We characterize this barrier for the sharpness of input–output responses, making typical assumptions about the underlying molecular mechanisms. If an input ligand binds at N sites, we show that the ...