In the two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem (2E-CVRP), the delivery to customers from a depot uses intermediate depots, called satellites. The 2E-CVRP involves two levels of routing ...

The Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 58, No. 12 (Dec., 2007), pp. 1642-1651 (10 pages) In open vehicle routing problems, the vehicles are not required to return to the depot after ...

Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a critical challenge in logistics optimization, which directly impact operational costs and service efficiency. While quantum differential evolution (QDE) ...

Due to the complexity and dynamism of real-world needs, traditional vehicle routing solutions usually do not sufficiently consider implicit user preferences, leading to low acceptance and reduced ...