The second circuit adds D1 to the emitter of Q1 in order to increase VEBO. With this mod, Vcc may be increased to the 18V limit. However, D1 may be eliminated if we use the special 2SC2878 switching ...

There is many a comment on these here pages along the lines of “Why did you use a microcontroller, when you could just have easily used a 555 timer!” And, yes, we sometimes agree with the sentiment, ...

If you are using infrared (IR) hardware in an IoT, embedded, or mobile hardware project and are currently experiencing difficulties debugging IR communications, using one of the circuits shown below ...