In algorithms, as in life, negativity can be a drag. Consider the problem of finding the shortest path between two points on a graph — a network of nodes connected by links, or edges. Often, these ...

This paper considers the shortest path problem with waiting costs (SPWC) as an extension to the shortest path problem with time windows. The problem consists of finding the minimum cost path in a ...

The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is a metaheuristic nature-inspired technique for solving various combinatorial optimization problems. The shortest-path problem is an important ...