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This work achieves the refraction and reflection of flexoelectric-induced directrons at interfaces. With identical physical properties of the media on both sides of the interface, as well as uniform ...

Abstract: In this paper, a theoretical analysis of orbital angular momentum (OAM) wave propagation properties in terms of reflection and refraction is introduced by decomposing OAM waves into infinite ...

Diagram published in Descartes, Renee: Discours de la methode pour bien conduire sa raison…, A Leyde : De l'imprimerie de I. Maire, 1637 Catalogue data comes from a combination of entries in the ...

Diagram from Joannes Kepler's Dioptrice, purchased by the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum and accessioned in 1911 (accession number 27068). Related images: M0010890 Catalogue data comes from a ...

When light passes from one medium (material) to another it changes speed. This is because the speed of a wave is determined by the medium through which it is passing. When light speeds up as it passes ...

High electrical conductivity and optical transmittance of window electrodes play a crucial role in various optoelectronic devices such as solar cells 1,2,3, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 4,5,6, ...