Abstract: It is shown that if a rational function F (s) does not change when 1/ s is substituted instead of s then F (s) is the rational function of s + (1/ s). If the transfer function is a ratio of ...

Abstract: This paper concerns the simplification of model structures of nonlinear systems while preserving their input-output maps. The basic technique is an immersion of a system, which is a mapping ...

This note presents nearly-best rational approximations for the functions $I_0(x)$ and $I_1(x)$, with relative errors ranging down to $10^{-23}$. Journal Information ...