Expected value is the anticipated value for an investment at some point in the future and is an important concept for investors seeking to balance risk with reward.

This letter proposes to derive the success probability of Sybil attack in online social networks with the multiple-choice majority voting. The resultant SybilVote formulas produce outputs that are ...

Variance is a measurement of the spread between numbers in a data set. Investors use the variance equation to evaluate a portfolio’s asset allocation.