Rough path theory provides a rigorous framework to analyse differential equations driven by highly irregular signals, such as those encountered in stochastic differential equations (SDEs).

The main challenge here lies in devising a mathematically acceptable proof of this impossibility, which is where the foundations for what we today know as graph theory.

Circuit theory has seen extensive recent use in the field of ecology, where it is often applied to study functional connectivity. The landscape is typically represented by a network of nodes and ...