For example, systems engineering, which is a part of systems theory, considers both the business and technical needs of all customers, with the goal of providing a quality product that meets the ...

Open family systems are frequently modeled as inherently functional or healthy; however, systematic research and theoretical consideration of potentially dysfunctional patterns is lacking. Using an ...

It is argued that the system principles of unity and coherence, and of the centrality of purpose in open systems, can be readily applied to the design and illumination of curriculum. The cybernetic ...