TfL combines open and closed loop systems, using Oyster Cards, contactless card payments, and NFC Google or Apple pay, alongside physical ticketing. Transport for London (TfL) has long been regarded ...

Miroslav Katsarov is the CEO of Modeshift, a technology company bringing intelligent transportation to small- and mid-size transit agencies. Open-loop payments have emerged as a high-profile trend in ...

People using a hybrid closed-loop system are more likely to have better HbA1c levels than those using open-loop therapies, a new study has indicated. Researchers from the German Center for Diabetes ...

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies*, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...