Indian researchers have compiled an extensive review of all existing synchronization techniques for grid-connected PV systems. They divided the methods into open-loop and closed-loop systems and ...

However, individuals using a hybrid closed-loop system had a higher rate of ketoacidosis (1.74 events per 100 patient-years) than those using open-loop therapy (0.96 per 100 patient-years).

For those in the transit industry, it’s easy to get lost in the jargon. Terms like card-based, account-based, open-loop and ...

Ten patients started with a closed-loop system before transitioning to an open-loop system, and 11 started on an open-loop system. A 1-week washout period preceded the transition to the second system.