A geothermal heating and cooling system, which consists of an extensive network of underground pipes called a loop, circulates a mixture of water and antifreeze through the loop.

Open loop cooling systems use water to cool engines directly, while closed-loop systems use marine coolant and a heat exchanger to keep engines cool.

This differs from an open-loop system in that open-loop systems don’t have monitoring feedback from a sensor to which the controller reacts. A basic example of an open-loop system is an electric fan, ...

How often does an existing open condenser water system, or some other type of open water system, get reused as part of a building renovation project and/or mechanical system upgrade? It happens ...