This repository contains well-structured R&D documents that explain the architecture, working, and functionality of various foundational networking models and protocols. These documents are part of a ...

Ever wondered what happens behind the scenes when you type a URL into your browser? Well, I did too—and decided to dive deep into the world of networking protocols, packet transmissions, and layered ...

A reference model is a virtual model which defines how communication should take place. It logically divides the processes which are required for the communication into layers. This concept is known ...

In 1982, the Reston, Va.-based Internet Engineering Task Force (www.ietf.org) standardized the transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols. But, the first ...

Whether it’s wired or wireless, most data communications today happens by way of packets of information travelling over one or more networks. But before these networks can work together, though, they ...