A reference model is a virtual model which defines how communication should take place. It logically divides the processes which are required for the communication into layers. This concept is known ...

Ever wondered what happens behind the scenes when you type a URL into your browser? Well, I did too—and decided to dive deep into the world of networking protocols, packet transmissions, and layered ...

The TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) model and the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model are conceptual frameworks used to describe how data is transmitted over a network.

IBM misplayed its hand with SNA and OSI never had a chance against TCP/IP. The long, slow and at times, colorful battle between TCP/IP backers and SNA stalwarts was one of the more acrimonious periods ...