Pythonにはiteratableなオブジェクトの要素に対して、 それぞれ関数を適用するmap関数があります。 これをマルチプロセスで行うものがmultiprocessingモジュールのPoolクラスに実装されています。

Python's "multiprocessing" module feels like threads, but actually launches processes. Many people, when they start to work with Python, are excited to hear that the language supports threading. And, ...

And Python’s support for multiprocessing is top-heavy: you have to spin up multiple copies of the Python runtime for each core and distribute your work between them.