In fourth grade, students focus most on using all four operations - addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division - to solve multi-step word problems involving multi-digit numbers. Fourth-grade ...

The common-core math standards require that students learn the standard algorithm for multi-digit adding and subtracting—you know, the process in which you line the numbers up vertically to add or ...

This study examined Korean second and third graders' understanding of multidigit addition and subtraction and particularly their ability to explain the trading required when a column sum of the ...

This study analyzed children's use of mental computation strategies and the standard algorithm on multi-digit subtractions. Fifty-eight Flemish 4th graders of varying mathematical achievement level ...