Twelve volts was a big deal when domestic manufacturers adopted it in the '50s. Doubling their voltage from 6 made electrical systems comparatively efficient and the increased power ushered in a new ...

In most operational amplifier (op amp) circuits, the resistor tolerance and resistor temperature coefficient determine the gain accuracy and gain temperature drift (Figure 1 shows a typical circuit).

The progress in digitization has profoundly changed our lives. There is no area of everyday life to which digital circuits haven’t penetrated. Ever more powerful microcontrollers and data converters ...