You don’t need a doctoral degree in finance to calculate your portfolio’s investment returns. A few principles are enough to turn even the most math-phobic people into shrewd investors. While basic ...

Many investors focus their attention on how a stock's price changes over time. However, when talking about dividend-paying stocks, that doesn't even begin to tell the entire story. For example, let's ...

Daniel Jassy, CFA, is an Investopedia Academy instructor and the founder of SPYderCRusher Research. He contributes to Excel and Algorithmic Trading. Yarilet Perez is an experienced multimedia ...

Matt Frankel, CFP, is a contributing Motley Fool stock market analyst and personal finance expert covering financial stocks, REITs, SPACs, and personal finance. Prior to The Motley Fool, Matt taught ...

Required rate of return (RRR) gives investors a benchmark to determine the minimum acceptable return on an investment considering the risk involved. By calculating RRR, investors can assess whether an ...

Investment securities are assets that investors buy and hold to generate income or achieve capital appreciation. These financial instruments play a fundamental role in personal and institutional ...

Cash Return on Invested Capital (CROIC), is a financial metric used to evaluate a company’s ability to generate cash from its invested capital. This ratio measures the efficiency with which a company ...