Modulus of elasticity of concrete is the ratio of normal stress to the corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below the proportional limit of concrete, ACI 318-14. The value of ...

Modulus of subgrade reaction or coefficient of subgrade reaction is the reaction pressure sustained by the soil sample under a rigid plate of standard diameter per unit settlement measured at a ...

Growing interest in exploring mechanically mediated biological phenomena has resulted in cell culture substrates and 3D matrices with variable stiffnesses becoming standard tools in biology labs.