Financial variance is the difference between budgeted and actual spending. Positive variance means spending less, negative indicates overspending. Regular monitoring reduces surprises and improves ...

Beta is the 2nd letter in the Greek alphabet, and the financial world uses it to refer to the sensitivity of an asset’s price compared to a specific index or benchmark. Beta is also used as a measure ...

In this sense, the proposed method is an extension of the variance of the regression estimator for two-stage sampling. The method is applied to quarterly data from the Labor Force Survey where ...