Markov chains provide a fundamental framework for modelling stochastic processes, where the next state depends solely on the current state. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) extend this framework by ...

Finite mixture models and hidden Markov models (HMMs) occupy central roles in modern statistical inference and data analysis. Finite mixture models assume that data originate from a latent combination ...

Drought is a naturally occurring climate phenomenon that significantly affects human and environmental activity, and can be considered one of the most widespread and destructive natural disasters.

At both the individual and societal levels, the health and economic burden of disability in older adults is enormous in developed countries, including the U.S. Recent studies have revealed that the ...

My apologies I ended up going down a rabbit hole that has literally taken me about 12 hours. 10 more than I had planned on. This is a bit of a complex subject, but I am going to make it as simple as I ...

Download PDF More Formats on IMF eLibrary Order a Print Copy Create Citation This paper proposes a hidden state Markov model (HMM) that incorporates workers’ unobserved labor market attachment into ...