On a shared medium, data link addresses are unique within the medium. In the enterprise, data link protocols provide functions such as finding a path and managing parallel paths.

The data-link and physical layers add new optional features. Elements in blue are required, those in green are unchanged from Ethernet, and those in beige are optional.

Network Layer: Handles routing of data packets across networks and includes protocols like IP. Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data transfer and includes protocols like TCP and UDP. Session Layer: ...

The BLE data is transmitted in Link-Layer Protocol Data Units (PDUs) which are colloquially called “packets”.

Blockstream Developer Neigut Expects ‘Cambrian Explosion’ of Bitcoin Layer 2 Protocols Bitcoin already has one of the most diverse layer 2 ecosystems of any network, but coming technology ...