Cloud database management systems leaders for DBMS are AWS, Microsoft, Google Cloud, Oracle, Databricks, Snowflake, SAP, IBM, Cloudera, Gartner reports.

All types of systems can be optimized, but many database systems can perform query optimization primarily accomplished internal to the DBMS. Yet there are other factors that need to be optimized (SQL ...

MySQL 4 and any version of MySQL over the MyISAM storage engine are missing some basic SQL standard transactional capability. They should not be used for serious DBMS applications.