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Why Ordinal Variables Can (Almost) Always Be Treated as Continuous Variables: Clarifying Assumptions of Robust Continuous and Ordinal Factor Analysis Estimation Methods

1 IPN–Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, Kiel, Germany 2 Center for International Student Assessment, Zentrum für Internationale Bildungsvergleichsstudien (ZIB), Kiel, Germany ...
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A Latent Variable Model for Mixed Continuous and Ordinal Responses with Nonignorable Missing Responses: Assessing the Local Influence via Covariance Structure

A joint model for mixed ordinal and continuous responses, with missing values in both variables, and their missing mechanisms is proposed. Full likelihood-based approach that yields maximum likelihood ...