As acronyms go, GMM-DCKE – Gaussian mixture model dynamically controlled kernel estimation – is a bit of a mouthful. Its proponents, though, consider it to be the simplest expression of conditional ...

We show that the relation of second order stochastic dominance, which has found widespread use in models of economic behavior under uncertainty, may be described in terms of conditional expectation.

Markov's inequality gives an upper bound on the probability that a nonnegative random variable takes large values. For example, if the random variable is the lifetime of a person or a machine, ...