Once we’ve built a computer, the next step is to develop an assembly language and then an assembler that can assemble our programs. In my previous column, we introduced the concept of the big-endian ...

We’ve come to the point where we need to define an assembly language for our 4-Bit HRRG Computer, but first we need to consider certain concepts. These days, we are used to programming our computers ...

A programming language that is one step away from machine language. Each assembly language statement is translated into a machine instruction by the assembler. Programmers must be well versed in the ...

We all probably know that for ultimate control and maximum performance, you need assembly language. No matter how good your compiler is, you’ll almost always be able to do better by using your human ...

Whether it’s necessary or just cool, sometimes you want to go down to the nuts and bolts, or, in microcontroller parlance, the “bare metal,” to talk to your chip. Assembly language is how we do it.

When my grandfather died six months ago, my sister said it felt as if we had lost a family archive. We knew he was an electrical engineer who began his career at the dawn of digital computing. We knew ...