Effective learning isn't just about finding the easiest path—it's about the right kind of challenge. Two prominent theories—Desirable Difficulties (DDF) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT)—offer valuable ...

Multimedia learning describes learning through the use of pictures and words. Examples of multimedia learning include watching a PowerPoint presentation, watching a pre-recorded lecture or reading a ...

Outstanding educational tools essentially represent the engineering embodiment of cognitive science. The value of this mini program lies in its underlying architecture: ...

What is intelligence? Is it fixed, or can it be developed? Does academic success always lead to achievement in life? How do we define success? Are schools effectively preparing today’s learners for ...

At one time or another, we’ve all heard “experts” assert that children have different learning styles. Some children, for instance, may be visual learners, while others best absorb information by ...

Cognitive load theory provides instructional recommendations based on our knowledge of human cognition. Evolutionary psychology is used to assume that knowledge should be divided into biologically ...

While there are several theories of memory that describe how learners take in, store, and retrieve information, the simplest theory for our purposes breaks memory into the following parts: For the ...

When discussing learning transfer—the ability to apply previous knowledge, skills, and strategies to new contexts or situations—we should also be mindful of our learners’ cognitive load. Cognitive ...

Depletion of limited working memory resources may occur following extensive mental effort resulting in decreased performance compared to conditions requiring less extensive mental effort. This ...