Synchronous control is a fundamental and significant problem for controlling a multi-joint robot. In this article, by applying two coupled Rayleigh oscillators as the referred central pattern ...

A spinal cord injury in most vertebrates likely inhibits locomotion and induces paralysis—not so in eels. They not only ...

Hindlimb locomotion, or walking, is a highly stereotypical and coordinated activity that is characterized by alternation in flexor and extensor muscles on the same side of the body and alternation of ...

In a new study, scientists from the University of Cologne gained new insights into the mechanism of the rhythmic activation of nerve cells (neurons) in stick insects that control the leg muscles ...

Wright, Jr. TM, Mulloney B, Calabrese RL. Analysis of input-output relationships of CPG elements and their contributions to rhythmic output. BMC neuroscience. 2012 July; 13:P171. Calabrese RL, Norris ...