Seems like this coule be and issue with XOD rather than emscripten perhaps? Can you try running file /ws/arduino_data/EM_CACHE/wasm-obj/libc++abi-noexcept.a to see what type of file that actually is?

proof of concept of automatically creating a xod library from an arduino library - Issues · awgrover/arduino-2-xod ...

Called XOD, the development team has designed the visual language for microcontroller system development and made it compatible with Arduino, Raspberry Pi and other boards with a bunch of widespread ...