Cells in Excel are referred to using relative or absolute references. A formula with relative references changes when the cell's position does.

Each cell in a worksheet has a unique reference that describes its position – for example A1. In a spreadsheet, there are two types of cell reference – 'relative cell reference' and 'absolute ...

Absolute references are particularly useful when performing calculations that involve fixed values or when you need to maintain the integrity of specific cell references.

Microsoft Excel relies on two fundamental reference types when addressing other cells. Absolute references -- which are denoted with a "$" -- lock a reference, so it will not change when copying ...