Python’s new template strings, or t-strings, give you a much more powerful way to format data than the old-fashioned f-strings.

Python dictionaries consists of one or more keys —an object like a string or an integer. Each key is associated with a value, which can be any Python object.

You shouldn't have to go around twiddling with bits in python unless whomever designed your protocol is insane (stuff like bitfields where part of the bitfield actually represents an integer or ...