Many aspects of modern applied research rely on a crucial algorithm called gradient descent. This is a procedure generally used for finding the largest or smallest values of a particular mathematical ...

a) Conceptual diagram of the on-chip optical processor used for optical switching and channel decoder in an MDM optical communications system. (b) Integrated reconfigurable optical processor schematic ...

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) provides a scalable way to compute parameter estimates in applications involving large-scale data or streaming data. As an alternative version, averaged implicit SGD ...