In some ways, Java was the key language for machine learning and AI before Python stole its crown. Important pieces of the data science ecosystem, like Apache Spark, started out in the Java universe.

Despite advances in cloud computing, mobile development, and AI, the day-to-day business of enterprises around the world still runs on three programming languages that made their debut in the 1990s.

Python libraries are pre-written collections of code designed to simplify programming by providing ready-made functions for specific tasks. They eliminate the need to write repetitive code and cover ...