Abstract: Modular multiplication, addition, and subtraction being the core operation of Elliptic curve public (ECC) system, the decrease of area and the merging of structure have been a hot topic in ...

Montgomery algorithms represent a transformative advancement in the computation of modular arithmetic, specifically designed to bypass the costly division steps inherent in traditional methods. By ...

You can create a release to package software, along with release notes and links to binary files, for other people to use. Learn more about releases in our docs.

Abstract: This paper presents addition and multiplication in Galois field using multi-valued logic. Multi-valued logic (MVL) has matured to the point where four-valued logic is now part of ...

Multiplication is calculating the sum of groups of the same size. There are lots of ways to build and describe multiplication problems. Using repeated addition, you can add equal groups together, one ...